Eu law and its implementation

Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston asetus (EU) 2024/1689, annettu 13 päivänä kesäkuuta 2024, tekoälyä koskevista yhdenmukaistetuista säännöistä ja asetusten (EY) N:o 300/2008, (EU) N:o 167/2013, (EU) N:o 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 ja (EU) 2019/2144 sekä direktiivien 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 ja (EU) 2020/1828 muuttamisesta (tekoälysäädös)

 // Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act) 

Link to the Regulation text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689

Article 5 (Prohibited AI practices)

1. The following AI practices shall be prohibited:

(a) the placing on the market, the putting into service or the use of an AI system that deploys subliminal techniques beyond a person’s consciousness or purposefully manipulative or deceptive techniques, with the objective, or the effect of materially distorting the behaviour of a person or a group of persons by appreciably impairing their ability to make an informed decision, thereby causing them to take a decision that they would not have otherwise taken in a manner that causes or is reasonably likely to cause that person, another person or group of persons significant harm;

(b) the placing on the market, the putting into service or the use of an AI system that exploits any of the vulnerabilities of a natural person or a specific group of persons due to their age, disability or a specific social or economic situation, with the objective, or the effect, of materially distorting the behaviour of that person or a person belonging to that group in a manner that causes or is reasonably likely to cause that person or another person significant harm;

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Article 6 (Classification rules for high-risk AI systems)

2. In addition to the high-risk AI systems referred to in paragraph 1, AI systems referred to in Annex III shall be considered to be high-risk.

3. By derogation from paragraph 2, an AI system referred to in Annex III shall not be considered to be high-risk where it does not pose a significant risk of harm to the health, safety or fundamental rights of natural persons, including by not materially influencing the outcome of decision making.

The first subparagraph shall apply where any of the following conditions is fulfilled:

(a) the AI system is intended to perform a narrow procedural task;

(b) the AI system is intended to improve the result of a previously completed human activity;

(c) the AI system is intended to detect decision-making patterns or deviations from prior decision-making patterns and is not meant to replace or influence the previously completed human assessment, without proper human review; or

(d) the AI system is intended to perform a preparatory task to an assessment relevant for the purposes of the use cases listed in Annex III.

Notwithstanding the first subparagraph, an AI system referred to in Annex III shall always be considered to be high-risk where the AI system performs profiling of natural persons.

Annex III (High-risk AI systems referred to in Article 6(2))

High-risk AI systems pursuant to Article 6(2) are the AI systems listed in any of the following areas:

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8. Administration of justice and democratic processes:

(b) AI systems intended to be used for influencing the outcome of an election or referendum or the voting behaviour of natural persons in the exercise of their vote in elections or referenda. This does not include AI systems to the output of which natural persons are not directly exposed, such as tools used to organise, optimise or structure political campaigns from an administrative or logistical point of view.

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Article 50 (Transparency obligations for providers and deployers of certain AI systems)

1.   Providers shall ensure that AI systems intended to interact directly with natural persons are designed and developed in such a way that the natural persons concerned are informed that they are interacting with an AI system, unless this is obvious from the point of view of a natural person who is reasonably well-informed, observant and circumspect, taking into account the circumstances and the context of use. This obligation shall not apply to AI systems authorised by law to detect, prevent, investigate or prosecute criminal offences, subject to appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of third parties, unless those systems are available for the public to report a criminal offence.

2.   Providers of AI systems, including general-purpose AI systems, generating synthetic audio, image, video or text content, shall ensure that the outputs of the AI system are marked in a machine-readable format and detectable as artificially generated or manipulated. Providers shall ensure their technical solutions are effective, interoperable, robust and reliable as far as this is technically feasible, taking into account the specificities and limitations of various types of content, the costs of implementation and the generally acknowledged state of the art, as may be reflected in relevant technical standards. This obligation shall not apply to the extent the AI systems perform an assistive function for standard editing or do not substantially alter the input data provided by the deployer or the semantics thereof, or where authorised by law to detect, prevent, investigate or prosecute criminal offences.

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4.   Deployers of an AI system that generates or manipulates image, audio or video content constituting a deep fake, shall disclose that the content has been artificially generated or manipulated. This obligation shall not apply where the use is authorised by law to detect, prevent, investigate or prosecute criminal offence. Where the content forms part of an evidently artistic, creative, satirical, fictional or analogous work or programme, the transparency obligations set out in this paragraph are limited to disclosure of the existence of such generated or manipulated content in an appropriate manner that does not hamper the display or enjoyment of the work.

Deployers of an AI system that generates or manipulates text which is published with the purpose of informing the public on matters of public interest shall disclose that the text has been artificially generated or manipulated. This obligation shall not apply where the use is authorised by law to detect, prevent, investigate or prosecute criminal offences or where the AI-generated content has undergone a process of human review or editorial control and where a natural or legal person holds editorial responsibility for the publication of the content.

5.   The information referred to in paragraphs 1 to 4 shall be provided to the natural persons concerned in a clear and distinguishable manner at the latest at the time of the first interaction or exposure. The information shall conform to the applicable accessibility requirements.

6.   Paragraphs 1 to 4 shall not affect the requirements and obligations set out in Chapter III, and shall be without prejudice to other transparency obligations laid down in Union or national law for deployers of AI systems.

Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston asetus (EU) 2024/900, annettu 13 päivänä maaliskuuta 2024, poliittisen mainonnan avoimuudesta ja kohdentamisesta //

Regulation (EU) 2024/900 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 March 2024 on the transparency and targeting of political advertising

Link to the Regulation text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/900/oj/eng

Article 1 (Subject matter and objectives)

1. This Regulation lays down:

(a) harmonised rules, including transparency and related due diligence obligations, for the provision of political advertising and related services, and, where applicable, for sponsors, on the collection, retention, disclosure and publication of information related to the provision of such services in the internal market;

(b) harmonised rules on the use of targeting techniques and ad-delivery techniques that involve the processing of personal data in the context of the provision of online political advertising;

(c) rules on the supervision and enforcement of this Regulation, including as regards the cooperation and coordination between the competent authorities.

2. Political opinions and other editorial content, regardless of the medium through which they are expressed, that are subject to editorial responsibility shall not be considered to be political advertising unless specific payment or other remuneration is provided for, or in connection with, their preparation, placement, promotion, publication, delivery or dissemination by third parties.

3. Political opinions that are expressed in a personal capacity shall not be considered to be political advertising.

4. The objectives of this Regulation are:

(a) to contribute to the proper functioning of the internal market for political advertising and related services;

(b) to protect the fundamental rights and freedoms enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, in particular the right to privacy and the protection of personal data.

Article 2 (Scope)

1. This Regulation applies to political advertising where the political advertisement is disseminated in the Union, is brought into the public domain in one or several Member States or is directed to Union citizens, irrespective of the place of establishment of the provider of political advertising services or of the place of residence or establishment of the sponsor, and irrespective of the means used.

2. This Regulation shall not affect the content of political advertisements or Union or national rules that regulate aspects related to political advertising other than those covered by this Regulation, including the rules on the organisation, financing and conduct of political campaigns, the rules on general bans or limitations on political advertising during specified periods, and, where applicable, the rules on electoral periods.

Article 3 (Definitions)

For the purpose of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:

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(2) ‘political advertising’ means the preparation, placement, promotion, publication, delivery or dissemination, by any means, of a message, normally provided for remuneration or through in-house activities or as part of a political advertising campaign:

(a) by, for or on behalf of a political actor, unless it is of a purely private or a purely commercial nature; or

(b) which is liable and designed to influence the outcome of an election or referendum, voting behaviour or a legislative or regulatory process, at Union, national, regional or local level

and does not include:

(i) messages from official sources of Member States or the Union that are strictly limited to the organisation and modalities for participating in elections or referendums, including the announcement of candidacies or the question put to the referendum, or for promoting participation in elections or referendums;

(ii) public communication that aims to provide official information to the public by, for or on behalf of any public authority of a Member State or by, for or on behalf of the Union, including by, for or on behalf of members of the government of a Member State, provided that they are not liable and designed to influence the outcome of an election or referendum, voting behaviour or a legislative or regulatory process; and

(iii) presenting candidates in specified public spaces or in the media which is explicitly provided for by law and allocated free of charge, while ensuring equal treatment of candidates;

(3) ‘political advertisement’ means an instance of political advertising published, delivered or disseminated by any means;

(4) ‘political actor’ means any of the following:

(a) a ‘political party’ as defined in Article 2, point 1, of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 1141/2014, or an entity directly or indirectly related to the sphere of activity of such a political party;

(b) a ‘political alliance’ as defined in Article 2, point 2, of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 1141/2014;

(c) a ‘European political party’ as defined in Article 2, point 3, of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 1141/2014;

(d) a candidate for or holder of any elected office at Union, national, regional and local level, or any leadership position within a political party;

(e) a member of Union institutions, with the exception of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank and the Court of Auditors, or of a government of a Member State at national, regional or local level;

(f) a political campaign organisation with or without legal personality, established solely for the purpose of influencing the outcome of an election or referendum; (

g) any natural or legal person representing or acting on behalf of any of the persons or organisations referred to in points (a) to (f), and promoting the political objectives of any of those persons or organisations;

(5) ‘political advertising service’ means a service consisting of political advertising with the exception of an online ‘intermediary service’, as defined in Article 3, point (g), of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065, that is provided without consideration, for the preparation, placement, promotion, publication, delivery or dissemination for the specific message;

(6) ‘provider of political advertising services’ means a natural or legal person engaging in the provision of political advertising services, with the exception of purely ancillary services;

(7) ‘political advertising campaign’ means the preparation, placement, promotion, publication, delivery or dissemination of a series of linked political advertisements in the course of a contract for political advertising on the basis of common preparation, sponsorship or funding;

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(10) ‘sponsor’ means the natural or legal person at whose request or on whose behalf a political advertisement is prepared, placed, promoted, published, delivered or disseminated;

(11) ‘targeting techniques’ means techniques that are used to address a political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons, or to exclude them, on the basis of the processing of personal data;

(12) ‘ad-delivery techniques’ means optimisation techniques that are used to increase the circulation, reach or visibility of a political advertisement on the basis of the automated processing of personal data and that can serve to deliver the political advertisement to a specific person or group of persons only;

(13) ‘political advertising publisher’ means a provider of political advertising service that publishes, delivers or disseminates political advertising through any medium;

Article 13 (European repository for online political advertisements)

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3. Where political advertising publishers remove or disable access to a specific political advertisement on the basis of an alleged illegality or of an incompatibility with their terms and conditions, they shall continue to provide access to the information required by Article 12(1) of this Regulation for the period referred to in Article 9(3) of this Regulation. This requirement is without prejudice to the requirements laid down in Article 9(2), point (a)(i), Article 17(3), points (a) to (e), and Article 39(3) of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065.

Article 15 (Indicating possibly non-compliant political advertisements)

1. Political advertising publishers shall have in place the necessary mechanisms to enable natural or legal persons to notify them if a particular political advertisement that they have published does not comply with this Regulation.

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4. Political advertising publishers shall without undue delay send a confirmation of receipt of the notification received pursuant to paragraph 1 to the natural or legal person who submitted it.

5. Political advertising publishers which are very large online platforms and very large online search engines shall without undue delay:

(a) examine and address the notifications received pursuant to paragraph 1 in a diligent, non-arbitrary and objective manner;

(b) inform the natural or legal person which made the notification referred to in paragraph 1 of the follow-up given to it.

6. Political advertising publishers that are not very large online platforms and very large online search engines shall without undue delay:

(a) make best efforts to examine and address the notifications received pursuant to paragraph 1, in a diligent, non-arbitrary and objective manner;

(b) inform, at least upon request, the natural or legal persons which made the notification referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article of the follow-up given to it; political advertising publishers qualifying as micro-undertakings under Article 3(1) of Directive 2013/34/EU shall make best efforts to ensure their compliance with this point.

7. In the last month preceding an election or a referendum, political advertising publishers shall process any notification they receive about a political advertisement linked to that election or referendum within 48 hours provided that the notification can be processed completely on the basis of the information included in the notification. Political advertising publishers qualifying as micro, small or medium-sized undertakings under Article 3(1), (2) and (3) of Directive 2013/34/EU shall make best efforts to process any notification that they receive about a political advertisement linked to that election or referendum without undue delay.

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11. The Commission, after consulting the network of national contact points referred to in Article 22(8), may issue guidelines to assist political advertising publishers in the application of this Article.

Article 18 (Specific requirements related to targeting techniques and ad-delivery techniques in the context of online political advertising)

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2. In the context of political advertising, targeting techniques or ad-delivery techniques that involve the processing of the personal data of a data subject that is known by the controller with reasonable certainty to be at least one year under the voting age established by national rules are prohibited. Compliance with the obligations set out in this paragraph shall not oblige the controller to process additional personal data in order to assess whether the data subject is one year under the voting age

3. This Article shall not apply to communications of any political party, foundation, association or any other non-profit body, to their members and former members or to communications, such as newsletters, linked to their political activities, as long as those communications are solely based on subscription data and therefore strictly limited to their members, former members or subscribers and are based on personal data provided by them and do not involve processing of personal data to target or otherwise further select the recipients and the messages they receive.

Article 22 (Competent authorities and contact points)

1. The supervisory authorities referred to in Article 51 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 or the European Data Protection Supervisor referred to in Article 52 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 shall be competent to monitor the application of Articles 18 and 19 of this Regulation in their respective field of competence. Article 58 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Article 58 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 shall apply mutatis mutandis. Chapter VII of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 shall apply for activities covered by Articles 18 and 19 of this Regulation.

2. The European Data Protection Board referred to in Article 68 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 shall, on its own initiative or at the request of the Commission, prepare guidelines for the purpose of assisting the supervisory authorities referred to in Regulation (EU) 2016/679 in assessing compliance with the requirements of this Regulation.

3. Member States shall designate competent authorities to supervise the compliance of providers of intermediary services within the meaning of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 with the obligations laid down in Articles 7 to 17 and 21 of this Regulation, where applicable. The competent authorities designated under Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 may also be one of the competent authorities designated to supervise the compliance of online intermediaries with the obligations laid down in Articles 7 to 17 and 21 of this Regulation. The Digital Services Coordinator referred to in Article 49 of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 in each Member State shall be responsible for ensuring coordination at national level in respect of providers of ‘intermediary services’ as defined by Regulation (EU) 2022/2065. Articles 49, 58(1) to (4) and Article 60(1) of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 shall be applicable for matters related to the application of this Regulation as regards providers of intermediary services. Article 51 of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 shall apply mutatis mutandis as regards the powers of the competent authorities designated under this paragraph.

4. Each Member State shall designate one or more competent authorities to be responsible for the application and enforcement of the aspects of this Regulation not referred to in paragraphs 1 and 3 of this Article. Those competent authorities may be different from those referred to in paragraphs 1 and 3 of this Article and may be the same as those referred to in Article 30 of Directive 2010/13/EU. Each competent authority designated under this paragraph shall structurally enjoy full independence both from the sector and from any external intervention or political pressure. Acting with full independence, it shall, effectively monitor and take the measures necessary and proportionate to ensure supervision, compliance and enforcement of this Regulation

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8. The national contact points designated by Member States pursuant to the second subparagraph of paragraph 9 shall meet periodically at Union level in the network of national contact points. The network of national contact points shall serve as a platform for regular exchange of information, best practices and structured cooperation between national contact points and the Commission on all aspects of this Regulation. In particular, the network of national contact points shall facilitate the cooperation at Union level regarding the application and enforcement of this Regulation and shall facilitate the preparation, in cooperation with relevant stakeholders, of guidelines to support sponsors and providers of political advertising services to comply with the requirements of this Regulation. The network of national contact points shall meet at least twice a year and, where necessary, at the duly justified request of the Commission or a Member State. It shall work in close cooperation with the European Cooperation Network on Elections, European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services and other relevant networks or bodies, to facilitate the swift and secured exchange of information on issues connected to the supervision and enforcement of this Regulation. The Commission shall take part in the meetings of the network of national contact points and provide administrative support.

Article 24 (Right to lodge a complaint)

Without prejudice to other administrative procedures or judicial remedies, competent authorities shall duly address every notification of possible infringements of this Regulation and, upon request, inform the person or entity who made the notification of the follow up. During the last month preceding elections or referendums, any notification received in relation to those elections or referendums shall be addressed without undue delay.

Competent authorities shall without undue delay transmit complaints that fall within the competence of another competent authority in another Member State to that competent authority

See also the recitals 4, 20, 72, 100, 103, 104 and 105 regarding disinformation

Laki poliittisen mainonnan avoimuutta ja kohdentamista koskevan Euroopan unionin asetuksen noudattamisen valvonnan järjestämisestä

Link to the Government’s Bill proposal relating to the Regulation (HE 57/2025)  : https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/vaski/KasittelytiedotValtiopaivaasia/Sivut/HE_57+2025.aspx

This law has not yet been passed by the Finnish Parliament, and the bill may therefore be subject to change.

Proposal:

1 § Lain tarkoitus

Tällä lailla täydennetään poliittisen mainonnan avoimuudesta ja kohdentamisesta annettua Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston asetusta (EU) 2024/900, jäljempänä poliittista mainontaa koskeva asetus. (HE 57/2025,s.138)

2 § Kansallinen yhteyspiste ja muut toimivaltaiset viranomaiset

 Poliittista mainontaa koskevan asetuksen 22 artiklassa tarkoitettuna kansallisena yhteyspisteenä toimii valtiontalouden tarkastusvirasto (tarkastusvirasto).

Tarkastusvirasto on poliittista mainontaa koskevan asetuksen 22 artiklassa tarkoitettu asetuksen soveltamisesta ja täytäntöönpanosta vastaava toimivaltainen viranomainen, ellei mainitusta artiklasta tai tästä laista muuta johdu. Tarkastusvirasto ei kuitenkaan valvo 5 artiklan 1 kohdassa tarkoitetun syrjintäkiellon noudattamista.

Myös tietosuojavaltuutettu ja Liikenne- ja viestintävirasto toimivat poliittista mainontaa koskevan asetuksen 22 artiklassa tarkoitettuina toimivaltaisina viranomaisina. (HE 57/2025, s.138)

Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston asetus (EU) 2022/2065, annettu 19 päivänä lokakuuta 2022, digitaalisten palvelujen sisämarkkinoista ja direktiivin 2000/31/EY muuttamisesta (digipalvelusäädös) //

Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 on a Single Market For Digital Services and amending Directive 2000/31/EC (Digital Services Act)

Link to the Regulation:  https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj

Disinformation is not mentioned in articles, nut it is mentioned in recitals 2, 9, 69, 83, 84, 88, 95, 104, 106, and 108.

Article 16 (Notice and action mechanisms)

1. Providers of hosting services shall put mechanisms in place to allow any individual or entity to notify them of the presence on their service of specific items of information that the individual or entity considers to be illegal content. Those mechanisms shall be easy to access and user-friendly, and shall allow for the submission of notices exclusively by electronic means.

2. The mechanisms referred to in paragraph 1 shall be such as to facilitate the submission of sufficiently precise and adequately substantiated notices. To that end, the providers of hosting services shall take the necessary measures to enable and to facilitate the submission of notices containing all of the following elements:

(a) a sufficiently substantiated explanation of the reasons why the individual or entity alleges the information in question to be illegal content;

(b) a clear indication of the exact electronic location of that information, such as the exact URL or URLs, and, where necessary, additional information enabling the identification of the illegal content adapted to the type of content and to the specific type of hosting service;

(c) the name and email address of the individual or entity submitting the notice, except in the case of information considered to involve one of the offences referred to in Articles 3 to 7 of Directive 2011/93/EU;

(d) a statement confirming the bona fide belief of the individual or entity submitting the notice that the information and allegations contained therein are accurate and complete.

3. Notices referred to in this Article shall be considered to give rise to actual knowledge or awareness for the purposes of Article 6 in respect of the specific item of information concerned where they allow a diligent provider of hosting services to identify the illegality of the relevant activity or information without a detailed legal examination.

4. Where the notice contains the electronic contact information of the individual or entity that submitted it, the provider of hosting services shall, without undue delay, send a confirmation of receipt of the notice to that individual or entity.

5. The provider shall also, without undue delay, notify that individual or entity of its decision in respect of the information to which the notice relates, providing information on the possibilities for redress in respect of that decision.

6. Providers of hosting services shall process any notices that they receive under the mechanisms referred to in paragraph 1 and take their decisions in respect of the information to which the notices relate, in a timely, diligent, non- arbitrary and objective manner. Where they use automated means for that processing or decision-making, they shall include information on such use in the notification referred to in paragraph 5.

Article 17 (Statement of reasons)

1. Providers of hosting services shall provide a clear and specific statement of reasons to any affected recipients of the service for any of the following restrictions imposed on the ground that the information provided by the recipient of the service is illegal content or incompatible with their terms and conditions:

(a) any restrictions of the visibility of specific items of information provided by the recipient of the service, including removal of content, disabling access to content, or demoting content;

(b) suspension, termination or other restriction of monetary payments;

(c) suspension or termination of the provision of the service in whole or in part;

(d) suspension or termination of the recipient of the service’s account.

2. Paragraph 1 shall only apply where the relevant electronic contact details are known to the provider. It shall apply at the latest from the date that the restriction is imposed, regardless of why or how it was imposed.

Paragraph 1 shall not apply where the information is deceptive high-volume commercial content.

3. The statement of reasons referred to in paragraph 1 shall at least contain the following information:

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d) where the decision concerns allegedly illegal content, a reference to the legal ground relied on and explanations as to why the information is considered to be illegal content on that ground;

(e) where the decision is based on the alleged incompatibility of the information with the terms and conditions of the provider of hosting services, a reference to the contractual ground relied on and explanations as to why the information is considered to be incompatible with that ground;

Article 18 (Notification of suspicions of criminal offences)

1. Where a provider of hosting services becomes aware of any information giving rise to a suspicion that a criminal offence involving a threat to the life or safety of a person or persons has taken place, is taking place or is likely to take place, it shall promptly inform the law enforcement or judicial authorities of the Member State or Member States concerned of its suspicion and provide all relevant information available.

2. Where the provider of hosting services cannot identify with reasonable certainty the Member State concerned, it shall inform the law enforcement authorities of the Member State in which it is established or where its legal representative resides or is established or inform Europol, or both.

For the purpose of this Article, the Member State concerned shall be the Member State in which the offence is suspected to have taken place, to be taking place or to be likely to take place, or the Member State where the suspected offender resides or is located, or the Member State where the victim of the suspected offence resides or is located.

Article 23 (Measures and protection against misuse)

1. Providers of online platforms shall suspend, for a reasonable period of time and after having issued a prior warning, the provision of their services to recipients of the service that frequently provide manifestly illegal content.

Article 25 (Online interface design and organization)

1. Providers of online platforms shall not design, organise or operate their online interfaces in a way that deceives or manipulates the recipients of their service or in a way that otherwise materially distorts or impairs the ability of the recipients of their service to make free and informed decisions.

Article 28 (Online protection of minors)

1. Providers of online platforms accessible to minors shall put in place appropriate and proportionate measures to ensure a high level of privacy, safety, and security of minors, on their service.

2. Providers of online platform shall not present advertisements on their interface based on profiling as defined in Article 4, point (4), of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 using personal data of the recipient of the service when they are aware with reasonable certainty that the recipient of the service is a minor.

Article 49 (Competent authorities and Digital Services Coordinators)

1. Member States shall designate one or more competent authorities to be responsible for the supervision of providers of intermediary services and enforcement of this Regulation (‘competent authorities’).

2. Member States shall designate one of the competent authorities as their Digital Services Coordinator. The Digital Services Coordinator shall be responsible for all matters relating to supervision and enforcement of this Regulation in that Member State, unless the Member State concerned has assigned certain specific tasks or sectors to other competent authorities. The Digital Services Coordinator shall in any event be responsible for ensuring coordination at national level in respect of those matters and for contributing to the effective and consistent supervision and enforcement of this Regulation throughout the Union.

For that purpose, Digital Services Coordinators shall cooperate with each other, other national competent authorities, the Board and the Commission, without prejudice to the possibility for Member States to provide for cooperation mechanisms and regular exchanges of views between the Digital Services Coordinator and other national authorities where relevant for the performance of their respective tasks.

Where a Member State designates one or more competent authorities in addition to the Digital Services Coordinator, it shall ensure that the respective tasks of those authorities and of the Digital Services Coordinator are clearly defined and that they cooperate closely and effectively when performing their tasks.

3. Member States shall designate the Digital Services Coordinators by 17 February 2024.

Member States shall make publicly available, and communicate to the Commission and the Board, the name of their competent authority designated as Digital Services Coordinator and information on how it can be contacted. The Member State concerned shall communicate to the Commission and the Board the name of the other competent authorities referred to in paragraph 2, as well as their respective tasks.

4. The provisions applicable to Digital Services Coordinators set out in Articles 50, 51 and 56 shall also apply to any other competent authorities that the Member States designate pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article.

Article 51 (Powers of Digital Services Coordinators)

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3. Where needed for carrying out their tasks under this Regulation, Digital Services Coordinators shall, in respect of providers of intermediary services falling within the competence of their Member State, where all other powers pursuant to this Article to bring about the cessation of an infringement have been exhausted and the infringement has not been remedied or is continuing and is causing serious harm which cannot be avoided through the exercise of other powers available under Union or national law, also have the power to take the following measures:

(a) to require the management body of those providers, without undue delay, to examine the situation, adopt and submit an action plan setting out the necessary measures to terminate the infringement, ensure that the provider takes those measures, and report on the measures taken;

(b) where the Digital Services Coordinator considers that a provider of intermediary services has not sufficiently complied with the requirements referred to in point (a), that the infringement has not been remedied or is continuing and is causing serious harm, and that that infringement entails a criminal offence involving a threat to the life or safety of persons, to request that the competent judicial authority of its Member State order the temporary restriction of access of recipients to the service concerned by the infringement or, only where that is not technically feasible, to the online interface of the provider of intermediary services on which the infringement takes place.

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5. The measures taken by the Digital Services Coordinators in the exercise of their powers listed in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall be effective, dissuasive and proportionate, having regard, in particular, to the nature, gravity, recurrence and duration of the infringement or suspected infringement to which those measures relate, as well as the economic, technical and operational capacity of the provider of the intermediary services concerned where relevant.

6. Member States shall lay down specific rules and procedures for the exercise of the powers pursuant to paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 and shall ensure that any exercise of those powers is subject to adequate safeguards laid down in the applicable national law in compliance with the Charter and with the general principles of Union law. In particular, those measures shall only be taken in accordance with the right to respect for private life and the rights of defence, including the rights to be heard and of access to the file, and subject to the right to an effective judicial remedy of all affected parties.

Article 52 (Penalties)

1. Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of this Regulation by providers of intermediary services within their competence and shall take all the necessary measures to ensure that they are implemented in accordance with Article 51.

2. Penalties shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Member States shall notify the Commission of those rules and of those measures and shall notify it, without delay, of any subsequent amendments affecting them.

3. Member States shall ensure that the maximum amount of fines that may be imposed for a failure to comply with an obligation laid down in this Regulation shall be 6 % of the annual worldwide turnover of the provider of intermediary services concerned in the preceding financial year. Member States shall ensure that the maximum amount of the fine that may be imposed for the supply of incorrect, incomplete or misleading information, failure to reply or rectify incorrect, incomplete or misleading information and failure to submit to an inspection shall be 1 % of the annual income or worldwide turnover of the provider of intermediary services or person concerned in the preceding financial year.

4. Member States shall ensure that the maximum amount of a periodic penalty payment shall be 5 % of the average daily worldwide turnover or income of the provider of intermediary services concerned in the preceding financial year per day, calculated from the date specified in the decision concerned.

Article 53 (Right to lodge a complaint)

Recipients of the service and any body, organisation or association mandated to exercise the rights conferred by this Regulation on their behalf shall have the right to lodge a complaint against providers of intermediary services alleging an infringement of this Regulation with the Digital Services Coordinator of the Member State where the recipient of the service is located or established. The Digital Services Coordinator shall assess the complaint and, where appropriate, transmit it to the Digital Services Coordinator of establishment, accompanied, where considered appropriate, by an opinion. Where the complaint falls under the responsibility of another competent authority in its Member State, the Digital Services Coordinator receiving the complaint shall transmit it to that authority. During these proceedings, both parties shall have the right to be heard and receive appropriate information about the status of the complaint, in accordance with national law.

Article 54 (Compensation)

Recipients of the service shall have the right to seek, in accordance with Union and national law, compensation from providers of intermediary services, in respect of any damage or loss suffered due to an infringement by those providers of their obligations under this Regulation.

Article 56 (Competences)

1. The Member State in which the main establishment of the provider of intermediary services is located shall have exclusive powers to supervise and enforce this Regulation, except for the powers provided for in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4.

2. The Commission shall have exclusive powers to supervise and enforce Section 5 of Chapter III.

3. The Commission shall have powers to supervise and enforce this Regulation, other than those laid down in Section 5 of Chapter III thereof, against providers of very large online platforms and of very large online search engines.

4. Where the Commission has not initiated proceedings for the same infringement, the Member State in which the main establishment of the provider of very large online platform or of very large online search engine is located shall have powers to supervise and enforce the obligations under this Regulation, other than those laid down in Section 5 of Chapter III, with respect to those providers.

5. Member States and the Commission shall supervise and enforce the provisions of this Regulation in close cooperation.

—

7. Where a provider of intermediary services fails to appoint a legal representative in accordance with Article 13, all Member States and, in case of a provider of a very large online platform or very large online search engine, the Commission shall have powers to supervise and enforce in accordance with this Article.

Where a Digital Services Coordinator intends to exercise its powers under this paragraph, it shall notify all other Digital Services Coordinators and the Commission, and ensure that the applicable safeguards afforded by the Charter are respected, in particular to avoid that the same conduct is sanctioned more than once for the infringement of the obligations laid down in this Regulation. Where the Commission intends to exercise its powers under this paragraph, it shall notify all other Digital Services Coordinators of that intention. Following the notification pursuant to this paragraph, other Member States shall not initiate proceedings for the same infringement as that referred to in the notification.

 Laki verkon välityspalvelujen valvonnasta // (Act on The Supervision of Online Intermediary Services), 18/2024

Link to the Act: https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2024/18 

1 § Digitaalisten palvelujen koordinaattori ja muut toimivaltaiset viranomaiset

Digitaalisten palvelujen sisämarkkinoista ja direktiivin 2000/31/EY muuttamisesta annetun Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston asetuksen (EU) 2022/2065 (digipalvelusäädös), jäljempänä digipalveluasetus, 49 artiklassa tarkoitettuna digitaalisten palvelujen koordinaattorina toimii Liikenne- ja viestintävirasto.

Liikenne- ja viestintävirasto on digipalveluasetuksen 49 artiklassa tarkoitettu valvonnasta vastaava toimivaltainen viranomainen ellei 2 ja 3 §:stä muuta johdu. Muita toimivaltaisia viranomaisia digipalveluasetuksen valvonnassa ovat kuluttaja-asiamies ja tietosuojavaltuutettu 2 ja 3 §:n mukaisesti (toimivaltaiset viranomaiset).

Toimivaltaisten viranomaisten alueellisesta toimivallasta ja Euroopan komission toimivallasta säädetään digipalveluasetuksen 56 artiklassa.

2 § Kuluttaja-asiamiehen toimivalta

Digipalveluasetuksen 49 artiklan mukainen valvonnasta vastaava toimivaltainen viranomainen on kuluttaja-asiamies digipalveluasetuksen:

1) 25 artiklan osalta silloin, kun verkkoalusta tarjoaa palvelua kuluttajalle;

2) 26 artiklan 1 kohdan a–c alakohdan osalta silloin, kun on kyse mainonnasta elinkeinonharjoittajalta kuluttajalle;

3) 26 artiklan 2 kohdan osalta;

4) 30 artiklan 7 kohdan osalta;

5) 32 artiklan osalta.

Edellä 1 momentin nojalla kuluttaja-asiamies ei valvo aatteellista tai yhteiskunnallista mainontaa. Kuluttajasuojalain (38/1978) nojalla kuluttaja-asiamies valvoo myös sopimusehtojen, markkinoinnin ja asiakassuhteessa noudatettujen menettelyjen lainmukaisuutta kuluttajansuojan kannalta.

3 § Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimivalta

Digipalveluasetuksen 49 artiklan mukainen valvonnasta vastaava toimivaltainen viranomainen on tietosuojavaltuutettu digipalveluasetuksen:

1) 26 artiklan 1 kohdan a–c alakohdan osalta, kun ei ole kyse kuluttaja-asiamiehen tämän lain 2 §:n nojalla valvomasta mainonnasta;

2) 26 artiklan 1 kohdan d alakohdan osalta;

3) 26 artiklan 3 kohdan osalta;

4) 27 ja 28 artiklan osalta.

Tietosuojavaltuutetun toimivaltuuksista henkilötietojen käsittelyn valvonnassa säädetään luonnollisten henkilöiden suojelusta henkilötietojen käsittelyssä sekä näiden tietojen vapaasta liikkuvuudesta ja direktiivin 95/46/EY kumoamisesta annetun Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston asetuksessa (EU) 2016/679 (yleinen tietosuoja-asetus) ja tietosuojalaissa (1050/2018).

15 § Säilytyspalvelun tarjoajan seuraamusmaksu

Liikenne- ja viestintävirasto voi määrätä seuraamusmaksun välityspalvelun tarjoajalle, joka tarjoaa säilytyspalvelua ja joka tahallaan tai huolimattomuudesta rikkoo tai laiminlyö digipalveluasetuksen:

1) 16 artiklan 1 kohdassa säädetyn velvollisuuden järjestää palvelussaan 2 kohdassa säädetyn mukainen laitonta sisältöä koskeva ilmoitusmenettely, 4 kohdassa säädetyn velvollisuuden lähettää vahvistus ilmoituksen vastaanottamisesta tai 5 kohdassa säädetyn velvollisuuden ilmoittaa päätöksestään laittomasta sisällöstä ilmoituksen tehneelle taholle;

2) 17 artiklan 1 ja 2 kohdassa säädetyn velvollisuuden esittää 3 kohdassa säädetyt perustelut asianomaisille palvelun käyttäjille päätöksestään rajoittaa palvelua 1 kohdassa tarkoitetuilla tavoilla sen vuoksi, että palvelun käyttäjän toimittama sisältö on laitonta tai rikkoo palvelun käyttöehtoja;

3) 18 artiklassa säädetyn ilmoitusvelvollisuuden poliisille.

16 § Verkkoalustan tarjoajan seuraamusmaksu

Liikenne- ja viestintävirasto voi määrätä seuraamusmaksun verkkoalustan tarjoajalle, joka tahallaan tai huolimattomuudesta rikkoo tai laiminlyö digipalveluasetuksen:

1) 20 artiklan 1 kohdassa säädetyn velvollisuuden tarjota palvelun vastaanottajalle pääsy verkkoalustan sisäiseen valitustenkäsittelyjärjestelmään taikka 5 kohdassa säädetyn ilmoitusvelvollisuuden järjestelmässä tehdystä päätöksestä;

2) 22 artiklan 1 kohdassa säädetyn velvollisuuden toteuttaa tekniset ja organisatoriset toimenpiteet sen varmistamiseksi, että luotettujen ilmoittajien ilmoitukset laittomasta sisällöstä käsitellään ensisijaisesti;

—

22 § Palveluun pääsyn estäminen

Jos toimivaltainen viranomainen on käyttänyt 10 ja 13–17 §:ssä säädettyjä toimivaltuuksiaan, eikä välityspalvelun tarjoaja ole korjannut toimintaansa digipalveluasetuksen velvoitteiden mukaiseksi ja digipalveluasetuksen rikkominen aiheuttaa vakavaa haittaa, johon ei voida puuttua muun lainsäädännön nojalla, toimivaltainen viranomainen voi vaatia päätöksellään välityspalvelun ylimmän hallintoelimen jäseniä tai johdossa toimivia henkilöitä toimittamaan suunnitelman asetuksen vastaisen menettelyn korjaamiseksi ja ilmoittamaan toteutetuista toimenpiteistä digipalveluasetuksen 51 artiklan 3 kohdan ensimmäisen alakohdan a alakohdan mukaisesti. Viranomaisen tulee valvoa, että palvelun tarjoaja toteuttaa ilmoittamansa toimenpiteet ja raportoi viranomaiselle toteutetuista toimenpiteistä.

Jos 1 momentissa tarkoitetusta toimivaltaisen viranomaisen päätöksestä huolimatta välityspalvelun tarjoaja jatkaa digipalveluasetuksen rikkomista aiheuttaen vakavaa haittaa, viranomainen voi pyytää käräjäoikeutta määräämään kyseisen välityspalvelun tarjoajan tai toisen välityspalvelun tarjoajan rajoittamaan väliaikaisesti palvelun vastaanottajien pääsyä ensiksi mainittuun välityspalveluun tai verkkorajapintaan.

Käräjäoikeus voi toimivaltaisen viranomaisen hakemuksesta määrätä 2 momentissa tarkoitetun välityspalvelun tarjoajan sakon uhalla estämään pääsy välityspalveluun tai verkkorajapintaan, jos digipalveluasetusta rikkova välityspalveluntarjoaja syyllistyy myös ilmeisesti rangaistavaan tekoon, johon liittyy ihmisten henkeen tai turvallisuuteen kohdistuva uhka. Käräjäoikeuden määräyksen edellytyksenä on, että digipalveluasetuksen rikkomiseen ei voida puuttua muun lainsäädännön nojalla. Käräjäoikeuden määräämien rajoitusten on oltava oikeassa suhteessa asetuksen vastaisen toiminnan sekä käsillä olevan rikoksen luonteeseen, vakavuuteen, toistuvuuteen ja kestoon. Ne eivät kuitenkaan saa rajoittaa aiheettomasti palvelun vastaanottajien sananvapautta ja pääsyä laillisiin tietoihin.

Toimivaltaisen viranomaisen on kuultava asianosaisia ennen 2 momentissa tarkoitettua pyyntöä käräjäoikeudelle. Ennen 2 momentissa tarkoitetun määräyksen antamista käräjäoikeuden on varattava välityspalvelun tarjoajalle, sisällön tuottaneelle välityspalvelun vastaanottajalle sekä sille, johon määräys kohdistuu, tilaisuus tulla kuulluksi.

Käräjäoikeuden määräämä pääsyn rajoitus on voimassa neljä viikkoa ja käräjäoikeus voi määrätä, että toimivaltainen viranomainen voi pidentää määräaikaa digipalveluasetuksen 51 artiklan 3 kohdan kolmannessa ja neljännessä alakohdassa säädetyn mukaisesti. Jos käräjäoikeuden määräyksen perusteena olevissa seikoissa tapahtuu muutos, asianosaisella välityspalvelun tarjoajalla on oikeus hakea tämän pykälän 3 momentissa tarkoitetun määräyksen kumoamista siinä käräjäoikeudessa, jossa määräys on annettu. Määräyksen kumoamista koskevan asian käsittelyssä noudatetaan oikeudenkäymiskaaren 8 luku a.

23 § Toimivaltainen tuomioistuin

Edellä 22 §:ssä tarkoitettu hakemus tutkitaan käräjäoikeudessa, jonka tuomiopiirissä tuomioistuimen määräyksen kohteena olevalla välityspalvelun tarjoajalla on kotipaikka. Käräjäoikeus on päätösvaltainen, kun siinä on yksin puheenjohtaja.

26 § Menettely komission määräämää tarkastusta toimitettaessa

Liikenne- ja viestintävirasto avustaa Euroopan komissiota tarkastusten suorittamisessa digipalveluasetuksen 69 artiklan 7 kohdan mukaisesti.

27 § Ilmoitus rikosepäilystä

Digipalveluasetuksen 18 artiklan 1 kohdassa tarkoitettu ilmoitus rikosepäilystä tehdään poliisille.

28 § Määräykset koskien laitonta sisältöä tai velvollisuutta toimittaa tietoja

Digipalveluasetuksen 9 artiklassa tarkoitetut viranomaisen tai tuomioistuimen määräykset toteuttaa toimia laitonta sisältöä vastaan on laadittava mainitun 9 artiklan 2 kohdan mukaisesti.

Digipalveluasetuksen 10 artiklassa tarkoitetut viranomaisen tai tuomioistuimen määräykset antaa tietoja välityspalvelun käyttäjästä on laadittava mainitun 10 artiklan 2 kohdan mukaisesti.

Digipalveluasetuksen 9 ja 10 artiklassa säädetään menettelystä 1 ja 2 momentissa tarkoitetun määräyksen antamisen jälkeen.

Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiivi (EU) 2018/1808, annettu 14 päivänä marraskuuta 2018, audiovisuaalisten mediapalvelujen tarjoamista koskevien jäsenvaltioiden tiettyjen lakien, asetusten ja hallinnollisten määräysten yhteensovittamisesta annetun direktiivin 2010/13/EU (audiovisuaalisia mediapalveluja koskeva direktiivi) muuttamisesta vaihtuvien markkinarealiteettien vuoksi //

Directive (EU) 2018/1808 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 November 2018 amending Directive 2010/13/EU on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services (Audiovisual Media Services Directive) in view of changing market realities

Link to the Directive text: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/1808/oj/eng

See also recitals 4, 5, 45, 47, 51, 59.

Article 1

Directive 2010/13/EU is amended as follows:

(1) In Article 1, paragraph 1 is amended as follows:

(a) point (a) is replaced by the following:

‘(a) “audiovisual media service” means:

(i) a service as defined by Articles 56 and 57 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, where the principal purpose of the service or a dissociable section thereof is devoted to providing programmes, under the editorial responsibility of a media service provider, to the general public, in order to inform, entertain or educate, by means of electronic communications networks within the meaning of point (a) of Article 2 of Directive 2002/21/EC; such an audiovisual media service is either a television broadcast as defined in point (e) of this paragraph or an on-demand audiovisual media service as defined in point (g) of this paragraph;

(ii) audiovisual commercial communication;’;

(b) the following point is inserted:

‘(aa) “video-sharing platform service” means a service as defined by Articles 56 and 57 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, where the principal purpose of the service or of a dissociable section thereof or an essential functionality of the service is devoted to providing programmes, user-generated videos, or both, to the general public, for which the video-sharing platform provider does not have editorial responsibility, in order to inform, entertain or educate, by means of electronic communications networks within the meaning of point (a) of Article 2 of Directive 2002/21/EC and the organisation of which is determined by the video-sharing platform provider, including by automatic means or algorithms in particular by displaying, tagging and sequencing.’;

—

(d) the following points are inserted:

‘(ba) “user-generated video” means a set of moving images with or without sound constituting an individual item, irrespective of its length, that is created by a user and uploaded to a video-sharing platform by that user or any other user;

(e) the following point is inserted:

‘(da) “video-sharing platform provider” means the natural or legal person who provides a video-sharing platform service;’;

‘Article 6

1.   Without prejudice to the obligation of Member States to respect and protect human dignity, Member States shall ensure by appropriate means that audiovisual media services provided by media service providers under their jurisdiction do not contain any:

(a) incitement to violence or hatred directed against a group of persons or a member of a group based on any of the grounds referred to in Article 21 of the Charter;

—

Article 28b

1.   Without prejudice to Articles 12 to 15 of Directive 2000/31/EC, Member States shall ensure that video-sharing platform providers under their jurisdiction take appropriate measures to protect:

—

(b) the general public from programmes, user-generated videos and audiovisual commercial communications containing incitement to violence or hatred directed against a group of persons or a member of a group based on any of the grounds referred to in Article 21 of the Charter;

(c) the general public from programmes, user-generated videos and audiovisual commercial communications containing content the dissemination of which constitutes an activity which is a criminal offence under Union law, namely public provocation to commit a terrorist offence as set out in Article 5 of Directive (EU) 2017/541, offences concerning child pornography as set out in Article 5(4) of Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (*1) and offences concerning racism and xenophobia as set out in Article 1 of Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA.

Laki sähköisen viestinnän palveluista annetun lain muuttamisesta (1207/2020) // Act on the amendment of the Act on Electronic Communications Services

Link to the implementing Act: https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/2020/1207

Link to English translation of the Act with the amendments included: https://www.finlex.fi/en/legislation/translations/2014/eng/917  

3 § Määritelmät

Tässä laissa tarkoitetaan

1) audiovisuaalisella ohjelmalla elokuvaa, televisio-ohjelmaa, videoklippiä, tapahtuman välittämistä yleisölle sekä muuta vastaavaa pääasiassa liikkuvista kuvista ja niihin liitetystä äänestä muodostuvaa kokonaisuutta; (30.12.2020/1207)

—

2) audiovisuaalisella sisältöpalvelulla palvelua tai siitä erotettavissa olevaa osaa, jonka pääasiallinen tarkoitus on tarjota yleisölle televisiolähetyksiä tai tilausohjelmapalveluja elinkeinotoiminnassa ja joista audiovisuaalisen sisältöpalvelun tarjoaja on toimituksellisessa vastuussa; (30.12.2020/1207)

—

2 c) audiovisuaalisiin sisältöpalveluihin pääsyn tarjoavalla palvelulla sähköisten viestintäverkkojen välityksellä tarjottavaa palvelua, jonka avulla yksilöidään, valitaan ja katsellaan audiovisuaalisia sisältöpalveluja ja palvelujen esteettömyysominaisuuksia sekä vastaanotetaan näitä palveluja ja ominaisuuksia koskevia tietoja; (19.1.2023/105)

—

7 a) käyttäjän tuottamalla videolla pääasiassa liikkuvista kuvista ja niihin liitetystä äänestä muodostuvaa kokonaisuutta, joka on käyttäjän luoma ja jonka käyttäjä tai joku muu lataa videonjakoalustalle; (30.12.2020/1207)

—

36 a) videonjakoalustapalvelulla elinkeinotoiminnassa tarjottavaa palvelua tai palvelun erotettavissa olevaa osaa, jonka pääasiallisena tarkoituksena on tarjota yleisölle sellaisia ohjelmia tai käyttäjien tuottamia videoita, joista videonjakoalustapalvelun tarjoaja ei ole toimituksellisessa vastuussa, ja joiden sisällön esittämisen, asiasanoituksen, järjestämisen ja muun organisoinnin videonjakoalustan tarjoaja määrittää automaattisilla keinoilla, algoritmeilla tai muilla keinoilla; (30.12.2020/1207)

36 b) videonjakoalustan tarjoajalla luonnollista henkilöä tai oikeushenkilöä, joka tarjoaa videonjakoalustapalvelua; (30.12.2020/1207)

37) viestintäpalvelulla palvelua, joka muodostuu kokonaan tai pääosin viestien siirtämisestä viestintäverkossa sekä siirto- ja lähetyspalvelua joukkoviestintäverkossa ja henkilöiden välisen viestinnän palvelua; (30.12.2020/1207)

Section 3 Definitions

For the purposes of this Act

1) audiovisual programme means a movie, television programme, video clip, communication of an

event to an audience, or other comparable unit comprised of primarily moving images and related

sounds;

2) audiovisual content service means a service or a dissociable section of it the principal purpose of which is to provide television broadcasts or on-demand programme services in the course of trade and for which the audiovisual content service provider has editorial responsibility; (1207/2020)

—

7 a) user-generated video means a set of mainly moving images and interconnected sound constituting an item that is created by a user and uploaded to a video-sharing platform by the user or another person; (1207/2020)

—

36a) video-sharing platform service means a service or a dissociable section of it, the principal purpose of which is to provide programmes or user-generated videos to the general public for which the video-sharing platform provider does not have editorial responsibility and the displaying, tagging and sequencing and other organisation of which is determined by the video-sharing platform provider by automatic means, algorithms or other means; (1207/2020)

36b) video-sharing platform provider means a natural or legal person who provides video-sharing platform service; (1207/2020)

37) communications service means a service consisting wholly or mainly of the conveyance of communications in a communications network, a transmission and broadcasting service in a mass communications network, and an interpersonal communications service; (1207/2020)

226 c § (30.12.2020/1207) Videonjakoalustan tarjoajaan sovellettavat velvollisuudet

Videonjakoalustapalvelulla on oltava käyttöehdot. Videonjakoalustan tarjoajan on sisällytettävä käyttöehtoihin määräykset:

1) joissa kielletään sellaisten ohjelmien, käyttäjien tuottamien videoiden ja audiovisuaalisen kaupallisen viestinnän lataaminen videonjakoalustapalveluun, jotka sisältävät rikoslain:

a) 34 a luvun 1 §:n 1 momentin 2 kohdassa rangaistavaksi säädettyä terroristisessa tarkoituksessa tehtyä julkista kehottamista rikokseen;

b) 17 luvun 18 §:n 1 momentin 1 kohdassa rangaistavaksi säädettyä sukupulisiveellisyyttä loukkaavan kuvan levittämistä;

c) 17 luvun 18 a §:ssä säädettyä törkeää sukupuolisiveellisyyttä loukkaavan lasta esittävän kuvan levittämistä;

d) 17 luvun 17 §:ssä rangaistavaksi säädettyä väkivaltakuvauksen levittämistä;

e) 11 luvun 10 §:ssä tarkoitettua rangaistavaksi säädettyä kiihottamista kansanryhmää vastaan;

f) 11 luvun 10 a §:ssä tarkoitettua törkeää kiihottamista kansanryhmää vastaan; ja

2) joiden mukaan kuluttajansuojalain 2 luvun 2 §:n, –vaatimuksia on noudatettava ohjelmiin ja käyttäjien tuottamiin videoihin sisältyvässä audiovisuaalisessa kaupallisessa viestinnässä.

Videonjakoalustan tarjoajan on toteutettava tarvittavat toimenpiteet varmistaakseen, että:

1) videonjakoalustapalvelussa on käytössä mekanismeja, joilla käyttäjät voivat ilmiantaa tai ilmoittaa 1 momentin 1 kohdassa tarkoitetusta sisällöstä;

2) videonjakoalustapalvelussa on käytössä järjestelmiä, joiden avulla käyttäjille selvitetään, miten 1 kohdassa tarkoitetut ilmiannot tai ilmoitukset on otettu huomioon;

3) videonjakoalustapalvelussa on tarjolla toiminto, jonka avulla käyttäjät voivat ilmoittaa, sisältävätkö videot audiovisuaalista kaupallista viestintää; ja

4) videonjakoalustapalvelun käyttäjille ilmoitetaan selvästi, kun ohjelmat tai käyttäjien tuottamat videot sisältävät audiovisuaalista kaupallista viestintää, jos tällaisesta viestinnästä on ilmoitettu 3 kohdan mukaisesti tai videonjakoalustan tarjoaja on siitä tietoinen.

Videonjakoalustan tarjoajan on noudatettava 214 §:n 1 momentin, kuluttajansuojalain 2 luvun 2 §:n, tupakkalain 9 luvun, alkoholilain 7 luvun ja lääkelain 91, 91 a–91 c, 92 a ja 93 a §:n vaatimuksia markkinoimaansa, myymäänsä tai järjestämäänsä audiovisuaaliseen kaupalliseen viestintään.

Edellä 2 momentissa tarkoitettujen toimenpiteiden tulee olla oikeassa suhteessa kyseessä olevan sisällön luonteeseen ja siitä mahdollisesti aiheutuvaan haittaan nähden ottaen huomioon videonjakoalustapalvelun koko ja tarjotun sisällön luonne, siitä mahdollisesti aiheutuva haitta sekä videonjakoalustan tarjoajien sekä sisällön luoneiden tai videonjakoalustalle ladanneiden käyttäjien oikeudet. Tässä pykälässä tarkoitetut toimenpiteet eivät saa johtaa sisällön ennakkotarkastukseen tai alustalle lataamiseen sovellettavaan suodatukseen.

Section 226 c (1207/2020) Obligations applicable to a provider of a video-sharing platform

A video-sharing platform service shall have terms and conditions of use. A video-sharing platform provider shall include in the terms and conditions which:

1) forbid the uploading to a video-sharing platform service such programmes, user-generated videos and audiovisual commercial communication that include:

a) public incitement to an offence made with terrorist intent punishable under chapter 34a, section 1, subsection 1, paragraph 2 of the Criminal Code;

b) distribution of a sexually offensive picture punishable under chapter 17, section 18, subsection 1, paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code;

c) aggravated distribution of a sexually offensive picture depicting a child punishable under chapter 17, section 18a of the Criminal Code;

d) distribution of depictions of violence punishable under chapter 17, section 17 of the Criminal Code;

e) ethnic agitation punishable under chapter 11, section 10 of the Criminal Code;

f) aggravated ethnic agitation punishable under chapter 11, section 10a of the Criminal Code; and

2) under which the requirements of chapter 2, section 2 of the Consumer Protection Act; chapter 9 of the Tobacco Act; chapter 7 of the Alcohol Act; and sections 91, 91a-91c, 92a and 93a of the Medicines Act shall be complied with in audiovisual commercial communication included in the programmes and user-generated videos.

A video-sharing platform provider shall implement the necessary measures to ensure that:

1) the video-sharing platform operates mechanisms for users to flag or report the content referred to in subsection 1, paragraph 1;

2) the video-sharing platform operates systems through which the users are explained what effect has been given to the flagging or reporting referred to in paragraph 1;

3) the video-sharing platform has available a functionality for users to declare whether the videos contain audiovisual commercial communications; and that

4) the users of the video-sharing platform are clearly informed where programmes or user generated videos contain audiovisual commercial communications if such communications are declared in accordance with paragraph 3 or the video-sharing platform provider has knowledge of it.

The video-sharing platform provider shall comply with the requirements of section 214, subsection 1; chapter 2, section 2 of the Consumer Protection Act; chapter 9 of the Tobacco Act; and sections 91, 91a-91c, 92a and 93a with respect to audiovisual commercial communications that are marketed, sold or arranged by it.

The measures referred to in subsection 2 shall be proportionate to the nature of the content in question and the harm it may cause taking into account the size of the video-sharing platform and the nature of the content provided, the harm it may cause and the rights of the video-sharing platform providers and the users having created or uploaded the content. The measures referred to in this section may not lead to any ex-ante control measures or filtering applied to uploading to the platform.

339 § (30.12.2020/1207) Televisio-ohjelmiston ja tilausohjelmapalvelun ohjelmiston edelleen lähettämisen keskeyttäminen

Valtioneuvosto voi määrätä enintään kuukauden ajaksi keskeytettäväksi Suomen ulkopuolelta tulevan televisio-ohjelmiston ja tilausohjelmapalvelun ohjelmiston edelleen lähettämisen, jos ohjelmistossa ilmeisellä tavalla toistuvasti:

1) syyllistytään rikoslain 11 luvun 10 §:ssä rangaistavaksi säädettyyn kiihottamiseen kansanryhmää vastaan tai 10 a §:ssä rangaistavaksi säädettyyn törkeään kiihottamiseen kansanryhmää vastaan;

—

3) syyllistytään rikoslain 34 a luvun 1 §:n 1 momentin 2 kohdassa rangaistavaksi säädettyyn terroristisessa tarkoituksessa tehtyyn julkiseen kehottamiseen rikokseen.

Jos 1 momentissa tarkoitetusta televisio-ohjelmistosta vastuussa oleva televisiotoiminnan harjoittaja tai tilausohjelmapalvelun ohjelmistosta vastuussa oleva tilausohjelmapalvelun tarjoaja on sijoittautunut johonkin ETA-valtioon, edelleen lähettämisen keskeytyksen määräämisessä on noudatettava audiovisuaalisia mediapalveluita koskevan direktiivin 3 artiklan 2 ja 3 kohdassa säädettyä menettelyä. Jos televisiotoiminnan harjoittaja on sijoittautunut johonkin Euroopan talousalueeseen kuulumattomaan, mutta Euroopan neuvoston televisioyleissopimuksen sopimusosapuolena olevaan valtioon, televisio-ohjelmiston edelleen lähettämisen keskeyttämisen määräämisessä on noudatettava mainitun sopimuksen 24 artiklan 1 ja 2 kohdassa säädettyä menettelyä.

Section 339 (1207/2020) Suspension of retransmission of television broadcasting and on-demand programme service programming

The Government may order that the retransmission of television programming and on-demand programme service programming from outside Finland be suspended for a maximum period of one month if said programming manifestly and repeatedly:

1) is guilty of ethnic agitation punishable under chapter 11, section 10 of the Criminal Code or of aggravated ethnic agitation punishable under section 10a;

—

3) is guilty of public incitement to an offence made with terrorist intent punishable under chapter 34a, section 1, subsection 1, paragraph 2 of the Criminal Code.

If a television broadcaster responsible for television programming or an on-demand programme service provider responsible for on-demand programme service programming referred to in subsection 1 is established in an EEA Member State, the procedure laid down in Article 3, paragraphs 2 and 3 of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive shall be complied with in ordering the suspension of the retransmission. If the television broadcaster is established in a State outside the European Economic Area but which is a party to the European Convention on Transfrontier Television, the procedure provided in Article 24, paragraphs 1 and 2 of said Convention shall be complied with in ordering the suspension of retransmission of television programming.

Legislative acts

Rikoslaki (39/1889) / The Criminal Code

Link to the Act: https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1889/39-001
Link to the English translation of the Act: https://www.finlex.fi/en/legislation/translations/1889/eng/39-001

11 luku 10 § (13.5.2011/511) Kiihottaminen kansanryhmää vastaan
Joka asettaa yleisön saataville tai muutoin yleisön keskuuteen levittää tai pitää yleisön saatavilla tiedon, mielipiteen tai muun viestin, jossa uhataan, panetellaan tai solvataan jotakin ryhmää rodun, ihonvärin, syntyperän, kansallisen tai etnisen alkuperän, uskonnon tai vakaumuksen, seksuaalisen suuntautumisen tai vammaisuuden perusteella taikka niihin rinnastettavalla muulla perusteella, on tuomittava kiihottamisesta kansanryhmää vastaan sakkoon tai vankeuteen enintään kahdeksi vuodeksi.

Chapter 11, Section 10 (511/2011) Agitation against a population group
A person who makes available to the public or otherwise disseminates among the public or keeps available to the public such information, an opinion or another message where a certain group is threatened, defamed or insulted on the basis of its race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin, religion or belief, sexual orientation or disability or on another comparable basis shall be sentenced for agitation against a population group to a fine or to imprisonment for at most two years.

11 luku 10 a § (13.5.2011/511) Törkeä kiihottaminen kansanryhmää vastaan
Jos kiihottamisessa kansanryhmää vastaan kehotetaan tai houkutellaan

1) joukkotuhontaan tai sen valmisteluun, rikokseen ihmisyyttä vastaan, törkeään rikokseen ihmisyyttä vastaan, sotarikokseen, törkeään sotarikokseen, murhaan tai terroristisessa tarkoituksessa tehtyyn tappoon tai

2) muuhun kuin 1 kohdassa tarkoitettuun vakavaan väkivaltaan siten, että teolla selvästi vaarannetaan yleistä järjestystä ja turvallisuutta

ja kiihottaminen kansanryhmää vastaan on myös kokonaisuutena arvostellen törkeä, rikoksentekijä on tuomittava törkeästä kiihottamisesta kansanryhmää vastaan vankeuteen vähintään neljäksi kuukaudeksi ja enintään neljäksi vuodeksi.

Chapter 11, Section 10a (511/2011) Aggravated agitation against a population group
If agitation against a population group involves exhortation or enticement

1) to genocide or preparation of genocide, a crime against humanity, an aggravated crime against humanity, a war crime, an aggravated war crime, murder, or manslaughter committed with a terrorist intent, or

2) to serious violence other than that referred to in paragraph 1 so that the act clearly endangers public order and security,

and the agitation against a population group is also aggravated when assessed as a whole, the perpetrator shall be sentenced for aggravated agitation against a population group to imprisonment for at least four months and at most four years.

Under section 10, the requirement of dissemination is fulfilled both by distributing statements made by oneself and by passing on discriminatory statements made by others. When disseminated among the public, discriminatory propaganda is punishable pursuant to the section. Typically, punishable offense involves electronic media or the press. Social media has also come to play a significant role. The defamation referred to in the section involves falsely alleging that an ethnic or national group has committed crimes or similarly contemptible acts. Incitement offenses often involve vague or misleading statements. Even if the speaker was unaware that their claims were false, it may still amount to defamation if they failed to adequately verify the basis of their accusations. For criminal liability, it is not necessary that the speaker knew with certainty that the discriminatory statements were untrue.[1]

12 luku 2 § (21.4.1995/578) Sotaan yllyttäminen
Jos joku Suomessa tai Suomen kansalainen Suomen ulkopuolella Suomea koskevan sotilaallisen tai kansainvälisen poliittisen kriisin aikana tai sellaisen välittömästi uhatessa, tarkoituksenaan saattaa Suomi sotaan tai sotatoimen kohteeksi,

3) järjestelmällisesti levittää ilmeisen perättömiä tai harhaanjohtavia tietoja Suomen puolustuksesta tai sotilas- tai puolustuspoliittisista aikomuksista

siten, että teko selvästi lisää Suomen sotaan tai sotatoimen kohteeksi joutumisen vaaraa, hänet on tuomittava sotaan yllyttämisestä vankeuteen vähintään yhdeksi ja enintään kymmeneksi vuodeksi.

Chapter 12, Section 2 (578/1995) Incitement to war
If a person in Finland or a Finnish citizen outside of Finland, during an ongoing or imminent military crisis or international political crisis concerning Finland, for the purpose of causing Finland to be at war or become the target of a military operation,

3) systematically disseminates manifestly unfounded or misleading information on Finland’s national defence or the military or defence policy intentions of Finland

so that the act clearly increases the risk of Finland being at war or becoming the target of a military operation, the person shall be sentenced for incitement to war to imprisonment for at least one year and at most ten years.

17 luku 18 § (9.7.2004/650) Sukupuolisiveellisyyttä loukkaavan kuvan levittäminen

Joka valmistaa, pitää kaupan tai vuokrattavana taikka muulla tavoin tarjoaa tai asettaa saataville, pitää saatavilla, vie maasta, tuo maahan tai Suomen kautta muuhun maahan taikka muuten levittää kuvia tai kuvatallenteita, joissa sukupuolisiveellisyyttä loukkaavasti todellisuuspohjaisesti tai todenmukaisesti esitetään

1)väkivaltaa tai

2)eläimeen sekaantumista, on tuomittava sukupuolisiveellisyyttä loukkaavan kuvan levittämisestä sakkoon tai vankeuteen enintään kahdeksi vuodeksi.

(8.7.2022/723)

Yritys on rangaistava.

Mitä 17 §:n 2 momentissa säädetään, koskee myös tässä pykälässä tarkoitettua kuvaa tai kuvatallennetta.

Kuva tai kuvatallenne on 1 momentissa tarkoitetulla tavalla todellisuuspohjainen, jos se on valmistettu tilanteesta, jossa ihminen tai eläin on tosiasiallisesti ollut sukupuolisiveellisyyttä loukkaavan toiminnan kohteena, ja todenmukainen, jos se erehdyttävästi muistuttaa valokuvaamalla tai muulla vastaavalla menetelmällä valmistettua kuvaa tai kuvatallennetta tilanteesta, jossa ihminen tai eläin on sukupuolisiveellisyyttä loukkaavan toiminnan kohteena. (8.7.2022/723)

20 luku 7 § (8.7.2022/723) Seksuaalisen kuvan luvaton levittäminen

Joka oikeudettomasti esittää tai levittää toista seksuaalisesti esittävän todellisuuspohjaisen tai todenmukaisen kuvan tai kuvatallenteen siten, että teko loukkaa olennaisesti tämän seksuaalista itsemääräämisoikeutta, on tuomittava seksuaalisen kuvan luvattomasta levittämisestä sakkoon tai vankeuteen enintään kahdeksi vuodeksi.

Kuva tai kuvatallenne on 1 momentissa tarkoitetulla tavalla todellisuuspohjainen, jos se on valmistettu tilanteesta, jossa henkilö tosiasiallisesti esiintyy 1 momentissa tarkoitetussa kuvassa tai kuvatallenteessa, ja todenmukainen, jos se erehdyttävästi muistuttaa valokuvaamalla tai muulla vastaavalla menetelmällä valmistettua kuvaa tai kuvatallennetta tilanteesta, jossa henkilö tosiasiallisesti esiintyy 1 momentissa tarkoitetulla tavalla.

24 luku 8 § (13.12.2013/879) Yksityiselämää loukkaava tiedon levittäminen

Joka oikeudettomasti

1)joukkotiedotusvälinettä käyttämällä tai

2)muuten toimittamalla lukuisten ihmisten saataville esittää toisen yksityiselämästä tiedon, vihjauksen tai kuvan siten, että teko on omiaan aiheuttamaan vahinkoa tai kärsimystä loukatulle taikka häneen kohdistuvaa halveksuntaa, on tuomittava yksityiselämää loukkaavasta tiedon levittämisestä sakkoon.

Yksityiselämää loukkaavana tiedon levittämisenä ei pidetä sellaisen yksityiselämää koskevan tiedon, vihjauksen tai kuvan esittämistä politiikassa, elinkeinoelämässä tai julkisessa virassa tai tehtävässä taikka näihin rinnastettavassa tehtävässä toimivasta, joka voi vaikuttaa tämän toiminnan arviointiin mainitussa tehtävässä, jos esittäminen on tarpeen yhteiskunnallisesti merkittävän asian käsittelemiseksi.

Yksityiselämää loukkaavana tiedon levittämisenä ei myöskään pidetä yleiseltä kannalta merkittävän asian käsittelemiseksi esitettyä ilmaisua, jos sen esittäminen, huomioon ottaen sen sisältö, toisten oikeudet ja muut olosuhteet, ei selvästi ylitä sitä, mitä voidaan pitää hyväksyttävänä.

Chapter 24, Section 8 (879/2013) Dissemination of information violating personal privacy

A person who unlawfully,

1) through the mass media or

2) otherwise by making available to many persons,

presents information on or an insinuation or an image of the private life of another person so that the act is conducive to causing that person damage or suffering or subjecting that person to contempt shall be sentenced for dissemination of information violating personal privacy to a fine.

Presenting information on or an insinuation or image of the private life of a person active in politics or business or of a person holding a public office or position or another comparable position does not constitute dissemination of information violating personal privacy, if presenting the information, insinuation or image may affect the evaluation of that person’s activities in the position in question and if the presenting is necessary for the purpose of dealing with a matter of importance to society.

Presenting information for the purpose of dealing with a matter of general importance shall neither be considered dissemination of information violating personal privacy, if presenting the information, considering its contents, the rights of others and the other circumstances, does not clearly exceed what can be deemed acceptable.

24 luku 8 a § (13.12.2013/879) Törkeä yksityiselämää loukkaava tiedon levittäminen

Jos yksityiselämää loukkaavassa tiedon levittämisessä aiheutetaan suurta kärsimystä tai erityisen suurta vahinkoa ja rikos on myös kokonaisuutena arvostellen törkeä, rikoksentekijä on tuomittava törkeästä yksityiselämää loukkaavasta tiedon levittämisestä sakkoon tai vankeuteen enintään kahdeksi vuodeksi.

Section 8a (879/2013) Aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy

If dissemination of information violating personal privacy causes considerable suffering or particularly extensive damage, and the offence is also aggravated when assessed as a whole, the perpetrator shall be sentenced for aggravated dissemination of information violating personal privacy to a fine or to imprisonment for at most two years.

24 luku 9 § (13.12.2013/879) Kunnianloukkaus
Joka

1) esittää toisesta valheellisen tiedon tai vihjauksen siten, että teko on omiaan aiheuttamaan vahinkoa tai kärsimystä loukatulle taikka häneen kohdistuvaa halveksuntaa, taikka

2) muuten kuin 1 kohdassa tarkoitetulla tavalla halventaa toista,

on tuomittava kunnianloukkauksesta sakkoon.

Kunnianloukkauksesta tuomitaan myös se, joka esittää kuolleesta henkilöstä valheellisen tiedon tai vihjauksen siten, että teko on omiaan aiheuttamaan kärsimystä ihmiselle, jolle vainaja oli erityisen läheinen.

Edellä 1 momentin 2 kohdassa tarkoitettuna kunnianloukkauksena ei pidetä arvostelua, joka kohdistuu toisen menettelyyn politiikassa, elinkeinoelämässä, julkisessa virassa tai tehtävässä, tieteessä, taiteessa taikka näihin rinnastettavassa julkisessa toiminnassa ja joka ei selvästi ylitä sitä, mitä voidaan pitää hyväksyttävänä.

Kunnianloukkauksena ei myöskään pidetä yleiseltä kannalta merkittävän asian käsittelemiseksi esitettyä ilmaisua, jos sen esittäminen, huomioon ottaen sen sisältö, toisten oikeudet ja muut olosuhteet, ei selvästi ylitä sitä, mitä voidaan pitää hyväksyttävänä.

Chapter 24, Section 9 (879/2013) Defamation
A person who

1) presents false information on or a false insinuation of another person so that the act is conducive to causing damage or suffering to that person or subjecting that person to contempt, or

2) disparages another person in a manner other than that referred to in paragraph 1

shall be sentenced for defamation to a fine.

A person who presents false information on or a false insinuation of a deceased person, so that the act is conducive to causing suffering to a person to whom the deceased was particularly close, shall also be sentenced for defamation.

Criticism that is directed at a person’s activities in politics, business, public office or position, science, art or in other comparable public activity and that does not clearly exceed what can be deemed acceptable does not constitute defamation referred to in subsection 1, paragraph 2.

Presenting information for the purpose of dealing with a matter of general importance shall neither be considered defamation, if presenting the information, considering its contents, the rights of others and the other circumstances, does not clearly exceed what can be deemed acceptable.

24 luku 10 § (13.12.2013/879) Törkeä kunnianloukkaus
Jos 9 §:n 1 momentissa tarkoitetussa kunnianloukkauksessa aiheutetaan suurta kärsimystä tai erityisen suurta vahinkoa ja rikos on myös kokonaisuutena arvostellen törkeä, rikoksentekijä on tuomittava törkeästä kunnianloukkauksesta sakkoon tai vankeuteen enintään kahdeksi vuodeksi.

Chapter 24, Section 10 (879/2013) Aggravated defamation
If defamation referred to in section 9, subsection 1 causes considerable suffering or particularly extensive damage and the defamation is also aggravated when assessed as a whole, the perpetrator shall be sentenced for aggravated defamation to a fine or to imprisonment for at most two years.

Defamation can be interpreted as a form of disinformation, especially when false information is disseminated through the press or social media.

30 luku 1 § (1.4.1999/475) Markkinointirikos
Joka tavaroiden, palveluksien, kiinteistöjen, yksityisen osakeyhtiön arvopapereiden tai muiden hyödykkeiden ammattimaisessa markkinoinnissa antaa markkinoinnin kohderyhmän kannalta merkityksellisiä totuudenvastaisia tai harhaanjohtavia tietoja, on tuomittava markkinointirikoksesta sakkoon tai vankeuteen enintään yhdeksi vuodeksi.

Chapter 30 Section 1 (475/1999) Marketing offence
A person who, in the professional marketing of goods, services, real estate, bonds and securities of a private limited liability company, or other commodities, gives false or misleading information that is significant from the perspective of the group at which the marketing is directed shall be sentenced for a marketing offence to a fine or to imprisonment for at most one year.

34 luku 10 § (21.4.1995/578) Perätön vaarailmoitus

Joka tekee pommista, tulipalosta, merihädästä, suuronnettomuudesta tai muusta vastaavasta hädästä tai vaarasta perättömän ilmoituksen, joka on omiaan aiheuttamaan pelastus- tai turvallisuustoimen taikka pakokauhua, on tuomittava perättömästä vaarailmoituksesta sakkoon tai vankeuteen enintään yhdeksi vuodeksi.

Section 10 (578/1995) False report of a danger

A person who makes a false report about a bomb, fire, distress at sea, major accident or other equivalent distress or danger, which is conducive to leading to rescue or safety measures being taken or the arousal of panic, shall be sentenced for a false report of a danger to a fine or to imprisonment for at most one year.

30 luku 2 § (24.8.1990/769) Kilpailumenettelyrikos
Joka elinkeinotoiminnassa käyttää omaa tai toisen elinkeinotoimintaa koskevaa totuudenvastaista tai harhaanjohtavaa ilmaisua ja siten aiheuttaa toiselle elinkeinonharjoittajalle vahinkoa, on tuomittava kilpailumenettelyrikoksesta sakkoon tai vankeuteen enintään yhdeksi vuodeksi.

Chapter 30, Section 2 (769/1990) Unfair competition offence
A person who in business activities uses a false or misleading expression concerning his or her own business or the business of another and thus causes damage to another trader shall be sentenced for an unfair competition offence to a fine or to imprisonment for at most one year

51 luku 3 § 2 momentti (29.6.2016/521) Markkinoiden manipulointi
Joka manipuloi markkinoita hankkiakseen itselleen tai toiselle taloudellista hyötyä levittämällä tiedotusvälineissä tai muulla tavoin tietoa, joka antaa väärän tai harhaanjohtavan käsityksen rahoitusvälineen, kryptovaran tai rahoitusvälineeseen liittyvän hyödykettä koskevan spot-sopimuksen tarjonnasta, kysynnästä tai hinnasta tai varmistaa, että rahoitusvälineen, kryptovaran tai rahoitusvälineeseen liittyvän hyödykettä koskevan spot-sopimuksen hinta asettuu epänormaalille tai keinotekoiselle tasolle, on tuomittava markkinoiden manipuloinnista sakkoon tai vankeuteen enintään kahdeksi vuodeksi.

Chapter 51, Section 3, Subsection 2 (521/2016) Market manipulation
A person who manipulates the market in order to obtain economic benefit for himself or herself or another person, by disseminating information through the media or by any other means, which gives false or misleading signals as to the supply of, demand for, or price of a financial instrument or a related spot commodity contract, or secures the price of a financial instrument or a related spot commodity contract at an abnormal or artificial level, shall be sentenced for market manipulation to a fine or to imprisonment for a most two years.

51 luku 4 § (29.6.2016/521) Törkeä markkinoiden manipulointi

Jos markkinoiden manipuloinnissa aiheutetaan laajamittaista taloudellista vahinkoa tai rikos on omiaan huomattavasti heikentämään luottamusta arvopaperimarkkinoiden tai kryptovaramarkkinoiden toimintaan

ja markkinoiden manipulointi on myös kokonaisuutena arvostellen törkeä, rikoksentekijä on tuomittava törkeästä markkinoiden manipuloinnista vankeuteen vähintään neljäksi kuukaudeksi ja enintään neljäksi vuodeksi.

Chapter 51, Section 4 (521/2016) Aggravated market manipulation

If, in market manipulation, 1) extensive economic loss is caused, or 2) the offence is conducive to considerably weakening the credibility of the functioning of the securities markets, and the market manipulation is also aggravated when assessed as a whole, the perpetrator shall be sentenced for aggravated market manipulation to imprisonment for at least four months and at most four years.

51 luku 5 § (19.12.2018/1235) Arvopaperimarkkinoita koskeva tiedottamisrikos

Joka tahallaan tai törkeästä huolimattomuudesta

1) rahoitusvälineen markkinoinnissa tai vaihdannassa elinkeinotoiminnassa antaa rahoitusvälineeseen liittyviä totuudenvastaisia tai harhaanjohtavia tietoja,

2) jättää asianmukaisesti antamatta arvopaperiin liittyvän tiedon, joka arvopaperimarkkinalaissa (746/2012) tai arvopapereiden yleisölle tarjoamisen tai kaupankäynnin kohteeksi säännellyllä markkinalla ottamisen yhteydessä julkaistavasta esitteestä ja direktiivin 2003/71/EY kumoamisesta annetussa Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston asetuksessa (EU) 2017/1129, jäljempänä esiteasetus , tai sen nojalla annetussa komission asetuksessa velvoitetaan antamaan ja joka on omiaan olennaisesti vaikuttamaan sanotun arvopaperin arvoon, tai arvopaperimarkkinalain tai esiteasetuksen tai sen nojalla annetun komission asetuksen mukaista tiedonantovelvollisuutta täyttäessään antaa sellaisen, arvopaperiin liittyvän totuudenvastaisen tai harhaanjohtavan tiedon tai

3) jättää asianmukaisesti julkistamatta liikkeeseenlaskijaa koskevan sisäpiirintiedon, joka markkinoiden väärinkäytöstä (markkinoiden väärinkäyttöasetus) sekä Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiivin 2003/6/EY ja komission direktiivien 2003/124/EY, 2003/125/EY ja 2004/72/EY kumoamisesta annetun Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston asetuksen (EU) N:o 596/2014, jäljempänä markkinoiden väärinkäyttöasetus , 17 artiklassa velvoitetaan julkistamaan, tai markkinoiden väärinkäyttöasetuksen 17 artiklan mukaista julkistamisvelvollisuutta täyttäessään julkistaa olennaisen rahoitusvälineeseen liittyvän totuudenvastaisen tai harhaanjohtavan tiedon

on tuomittava arvopaperimarkkinoita koskevasta tiedottamisrikoksesta sakkoon tai vankeuteen enintään kahdeksi vuodeksi.

Chapter 51, Section 5 (1235/2018) Information offence concerning the securities market

A person who, intentionally or through gross negligence,

1) in the marketing or exchange of financial instruments in business provides false or misleading information pertaining to a financial instrument,

2) fails to appropriately disclose such information pertaining to a security that is conducive to materially affecting the value of the security in question and that shall be disclosed under the Securities Markets Act (746/2012), under Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prospectus to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to trading on a regulated market, and repealing Directive 2003/71/EC, hereinafter the Prospectus Regulation, or under a regulation adopted by the Commission under it, or, when fulfilling the disclosure obligation laid down in the Securities Markets Act or the Prospectus Regulation or a regulation adopted by the Commission under it, discloses false or misleading information pertaining to a security, or

3) fails to appropriately disclose such inside information concerning an issuer to the public that shall be disclosed under Article 17 of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council on market abuse (market abuse regulation) and repealing Directive 2003/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directives 2003/124/EC, 2003/125/EC and 2004/72/EC, hereinafter the Market Abuse Regulation, or, when fulfilling the public disclosure obligation laid down in Article 17 of the Market Abuse Regulation, discloses essential false or misleading information pertaining to a financial instrument

shall be sentenced for an information offence concerning the securities market to a fine or to imprisonment for at most two years

51 luku 5 a § (28.6.2024/405) Kryptovaramarkkinoita koskeva tiedottamisrikos

Joka tahallaan tai törkeästä huolimattomuudesta

1) kryptovaran markkinoinnissa tai vaihdannassa elinkeinotoiminnassa antaa kryptovaraan liittyviä totuudenvastaisia tai harhaanjohtavia tietoja,

2) jättää asianmukaisesti antamatta kryptovaraan liittyvän tiedon, joka EU:n kryptovaramarkkina-asetuksen 6–14, 19, 27–30, 32 ja 51–53 artiklassa tai niitä koskevissa mainitun asetuksen nojalla annetuissa komission asetuksissa velvoitetaan antamaan ja joka on omiaan olennaisesti vaikuttamaan sanotun kryptovaran arvoon, tai EU:n kryptovaramarkkina-asetuksen tai sen nojalla annetun komission asetuksen mukaista tiedonantovelvollisuutta täyttäessään antaa sellaisen, kryptovaraan liittyvän totuudenvastaisen tai harhaanjohtavan tiedon tai

3) jättää asianmukaisesti julkistamatta liikkeeseenlaskijaa, tarjoajaa tai kaupankäynnin kohteeksi ottamista hakevaa henkilöä koskevan sisäpiirintiedon, joka EU:n kryptovaramarkkina-asetuksen 88 artiklassa velvoitetaan julkistamaan, tai mainitun artiklan mukaista julkistamisvelvollisuutta täyttäessään julkistaa olennaisen kryptovaraan liittyvän totuudenvastaisen tai harhaanjohtavan tiedon,

on tuomittava kryptovaramarkkinoita koskevasta tiedottamisrikoksesta sakkoon tai vankeuteen enintään kahdeksi vuodeksi.

 

Kuluttajansuojalaki (38/1978) / Consumer Protection Act (38/1978)

Link to the Act: https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1978/38

Link to the English translation: https://www.finlex.fi/en/legislation/translations/1978/eng/38

2 luku, 6.1 § (29.8.2008/561) Kielto antaa totuudenvastaisia tai harhaanjohtavia tietoja

Markkinoinnissa tai asiakassuhteessa ei saa antaa totuudenvastaisia tai harhaanjohtavia tietoja, jos tiedot ovat omiaan johtamaan siihen, että kuluttaja tekee ostopäätöksen tai muun kulutushyödykkeeseen liittyvän päätöksen, jota hän ei ilman annettuja tietoja olisi tehnyt.

Chapter 2, Section 6, Subsection 1 (561/2008) Prohibition of providing false or misleading information

In marketing or a customer relationship, false or misleading information shall not be provided if the information is likely to lead to a consumer making a purchasing decision or other decision relating to a consumer good or service that the consumer would not have made without the information provided.

Laki sananvapauden käyttämisestä joukkoviestinnässä (460/2003) / Act on the Exercise of Freedom of Expression in Mass Media (460/2003)

Link to the Act: https://finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2003/460
Link to the English translation: https://www.finlex.fi/en/legislation/translations/2003/eng/460

9 § Oikaisuoikeus

Yksityisellä henkilöllä, yhteisöllä ja säätiöllä sekä viranomaisella on oikeus saada aikakautisessa julkaisussa, verkkojulkaisussa tai ohjelmassa esitetty itseään tai toimintaansa koskeva virheellinen tieto oikaistuksi samassa julkaisussa tai asianomaisen ohjelmatoiminnan harjoittajan ohjelmassa, jollei tiedon oikaiseminen virheen vähäisyyden vuoksi ole ilmeisen tarpeetonta

Section 9 – Right to correction

A private individual, a corporation, a foundation and a public authority have the right to have erroneous information on them or their operations contained in a periodical, network publication or program corrected in the same publication or in a program by the broadcaster in question, unless such correction is manifestly unnecessary owing to the minor significance of the error.

10 § Vastineen ja oikaisun julkaisemisvelvollisuus

Vastaavan toimittajan on julkaistava vastine tai oikaisu maksutta ja ilman aiheetonta viivytystä asianmukaisessa laajuudessa ja samankaltaisella tavalla kuin vastine- tai oikaisuvaatimuksen perusteena oleva viesti.

Vastine tai oikaisu ei saa olla sisällöltään lainvastainen eikä loukkaava.

Vastaavan toimittajan on tarvittaessa avustettava vastineen teknisessä toteuttamisessa.

Section 10 – Duty to publish a reply or correction

The responsible editor shall publish a reply or correction, free of charge and without undue delay, appropriately extensively and in the same manner as the message on which the demand for a reply or correction is based. The contents of the reply or correction shall not be illegal or offensive. Where necessary, the responsible editor shall assist in the technical realisation of the reply.

The Act on the Exercise of Freedom of Expression in Mass Media contains detailed provisions on the exercise, in the media, of the freedom of expression enshrined in the Constitution. In the application of this Act, interference with the activities of the media shall be legitimate only in so far as it is unavoidable, taking due note of the importance of the freedom of expression in a democracy subject to the rule of law. (Section 1.) Section 9 provides for the victim of disinformation a right to correct published (dis)information. This right is accompanied by the corresponding duty to publish the correction, as stipulated in Section 10.

Laki tietoliikennetiedustelusta siviilitiedustelussa (582/2019) / Act on the Use of Network Traffic Intelligence in Civilian Intelligence

Link to the Act: https://finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2019/582
Link to the English translation: https://www.finlex.fi/en/legislation/translations/2019/eng/582

3 § Tietoliikennetiedustelun kohteet

Tietoliikennetiedustelun kohteena ovat: 7) vieraan valtion toiminta, joka voi aiheuttaa vahinkoa Suomen kansainvälisille suhteille, taloudellisille tai muille tärkeille eduille.

Section 3, Activities targeted by network traffic intelligence

Network traffic intelligence is targeted at 7) activities of a foreign state that could damage Finland’s international relations or economic or other vital interests.

7.1 § Tietoliikennetiedustelua koskeva tuomioistuimen lupa

Tuomioistuin päättää tietoliikennetiedustelusta suojelupoliisin päällikön kirjallisesta vaatimuksesta.

Section 7, Subsection 1, Court authorisation for network traffic intelligence

Decisions on network traffic intelligence are made by a court at the written request of the Director of the Finnish Security and Intelligence Service.

9.1 § Päätöksenteko kiireellisessä tilanteessa

Jos tietoliikennetiedustelua koskeva asia ei siedä viivytystä, saa suojelupoliisin päällikkö päättää tietoliikennetiedustelusta siihen asti, kunnes tuomioistuin on ratkaissut luvan myöntämistä koskevan vaatimuksen. Päätös on tehtävä kirjallisesti. Asia on saatettava tuomioistuimen ratkaistavaksi heti, kun se on mahdollista, kuitenkin viimeistään 24 tunnin kuluttua tietoliikennetiedustelun alkamisesta.

Section 9, Subsection 1, Decision-making in urgent situations

 If the matter concerning network traffic intelligence cannot be delayed, the Director of the Finnish Security and Intelligence Service may decide on network traffic intelligence until the court has made a decision on the request to grant authorisation. The decision shall be made in writing. The matter shall be referred to a court for decision as soon as possible, but no later than 24 hours after the network traffic intelligence was started.

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[1] Seppälä, Tapio – Hakamies, Kaarlo – Helenius, Dan – Melander, Sakari – Nuotio, Kimmo – Ojala, Timo – Rauti, Ilkka, Rikosoikeus: Oikeuden perusteokset. Alma Talent: Helsinki 2022, s. 311–313.